What Is Postnasal Drip?
Postnasal drip is the drainage of mucus from your nose or sinuses into your pharynx, or throat.
Every day, glands in the linings of your nose, throat, airways,stomach, andintestinal tract producemucus. Your nose alone makes about a quart of it each day. Mucus is a thick, wet substance that moistens these areas and helps trap and destroy foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses before they cause infection.
Normally, you don't notice the mucus from your nose because it mixes withsaliva, drips harmlessly down the back of your throat, and you swallow it.
When your body produces more mucus than usual or it's thicker than normal, it becomes more noticeable.
The excess can come out of the nostrils -- that's arunny nose. When the mucus runs down the back of your nose to your throat, it's called postnasal drip.
This feeling that something is dripping down your throat is a common symptom of conditions such as the common cold, sinusitis, and allergies. It can cause a sore throat or a cough.
Inflammation or swelling of the nasal passages can cause postnasal drip to build up. When that happens, the excess mucus, orsnot, can also cause congestion. Common reasons for nasal inflammation include viral or bacterial infections, allergies, or irritants in the air.
When you're not feeling well, it's common to get postnasal drip. It can feel gross and uncomfortable. In some cases, postnasal drip may turn into a chronic cough or ongoing problem.
Mucus Colors Meaning
Mucus is mostly water, antibodies, proteins, and dissolved salts. It's your body's way of trapping dust, dirt, and other particles from entering your lungs. Color changes to your mucus may mean something is going on with your health.
It's more common to get thick, colored mucus at the beginning of a bacterial infection. And other symptoms caused by a bacterial infection often last more than 10 days without getting better. With a viral infection, it's more common to get thick, colored mucus later, after several days.
Clear mucus
Normal mucus is clear. It means that your nasal passages are healthy.
In the beginning stages of a cold or allergy, you may still have clear mucus, just more of it. That extra mucus is the sign that the body is fighting off an infection or irritation.
White mucus
White or cloudy mucus is often thicker. This happens because your nasal passages become swollen or inflamed, which causes your mucus to lose moisture. White or cloudy mucus may mean you have a cold or nasal infection.
Yellow mucus
Yellow mucus can mean your cold or nasal infection is getting worse. Both bacterial and viral upperrespiratory infections can cause yellow mucus. The color comes from white blood cells that rush to the infection to try to clear it.
An increase in the number of certain immune system cells or in the enzymes these cells produce can cause your mucus to change to yellow or green.
Green mucus
Green mucus can be a sign of a more serious viral or bacterial infection. It means your immune system is working hard to fight off the infection. Green mucus is thick with dead white blood cells.
If you still feel sick after 10 days or if you have a fever, see your doctor right away. Green mucus can mean you have sinusitis. You will need to take antibiotics to treat this bacterial infection.
Brown mucus
Brown mucus can be a sign of exposure to pollution or smoking. It can also be caused by a bacterial infection or the presence of dried blood, which can occur from blowing your nose too hard. If your mucus is brown and you have other symptoms, see a doctor right away to rule out any serious conditions.
Heavy smokers and people with certain lung diseases are more likely to have brown or black mucus.
Black mucus
Black mucus isn't a common color and can be a sign of exposure to very high levels of pollution or smoke. The debris can build up in your nose.
In rare cases, black mucus can mean you have a serious fungal infection. These infections are more common in people with compromised immune systems.
If you have other symptoms or have a compromised immune system, see your doctor right away to rule out any serious issues.
Pink or red mucus
Pink or red mucus can be a sign of bleeding in the nasal passages. Blowing or rubbing your nose too hard can cause some blood vessels to break. You may see a pinkish hue. In some cases, you may get a nosebleed. An infection can also cause your nose to bleed. If the red color is accompanied by other symptoms, see a doctor right away for treatment.
What Causes Postnasal Drip?
The excess mucus that triggers it has many possible causes, including:
- Flu
- Allergies, also called allergic postnasal drip
- Sinus infection or sinusitis, which is aninflammation of thesinuses
- Object stuck in the nose (most common in children)
- Certain medications, including some forbirth control andblood pressure
- Deviated septum, which is the crooked placement of the wall that separates your two nostrils, or some other problem with the structure of the nose that affects the sinuses
- Changing weather, cold temperatures, or really dry air
- Certain foods (for example, spicy foods may trigger mucus flow)
- Pregnancy
- Sensitivity to bright lights
- Fumes from chemicals, perfumes, cleaning products, smoke, or other irritants
Sometimes the problem isn't that you're producing too much mucus, but that it's not being cleared away. Swallowing problems can cause a buildup of liquids in the throat, which can feel like postnasal drip. These problems can sometimes occur because of a blockage or conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease, also known asGERD.
Postnasal Drip Symptoms
Postnasal drip can be a small annoyance at first. Your throat may feel scratchy. Too much mucus can also make your voice sound hoarse, or like you are gurgling. You may have an urge to constantly clear your throat. A buildup of mucus can also cause bad breath.
Over time, postnasal drip can cause a sore or irritated throat. It can lead to inflammation, which can cause your tonsils and other tissues in your throat to swell.
It also can trigger acough, which often gets worse at night. In fact, postnasal drip is one of the most common causes of acough that just won't go away.
If the mucus plugs up yourEustachian tube, which connects your throat to your middleear, you could get a painfulear infection. You could also get asinus infection if those passages are clogged.
Postnasal drip and nausea
Nausea isn't a typical symptom of postnasal drip. But if too much mucus drains into your stomach, it can cause nausea or vomiting.
Some people may also have nausea when taking certain medications used to treat postnasal drip symptoms such as decongestants. These medications can cause stomach upset and may lead to nausea in some individuals. If you're experiencing nausea while taking these medications, talk to your doctor about alternative treatment options.
Postnasal Drip Diagnosis
To figure out what's causing your postnasal drip, your doctor will:
- Ask about your medical history, including symptoms with your postnasal drip
- Do a physical exam of your ear, nose, and throat.
Your doctor may refer you to an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) doctor, called an otolaryngologist. The ENT doctor may recommend a nasal endoscopy. This procedure looks inside your nasal cavity and the openings of your sinuses using a special device called an endoscope -- a thin flexible tube with a camera and a light. They may also order imaging tests such as X-rays.
If your doctor thinks allergies are causing your postnasal drip, they may refer you to an allergy doctor for testing and treatment.
Postnasal Drip Treatments
How you treat postnasal drip depends on what's causing it.
Over-the-counter medications
Antihistamines anddecongestants can often help with postnasal drip caused bysinusitis and viral infections. They also can be effective, along withsteroid nasal sprays, for postnasal drip caused by allergies.
The older, over-the-counter (OTC) antihistamines, includingdiphenhydramine (Benadryl) andchlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton), might not be the best choices for postnasal drip. When they dry out mucus, they can actually thicken it. They also may make you drowsy.
Newerantihistamines may be better options and are less likely to cause drowsiness. They include:
- Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
- Desloratadine (Clarinex)
- Fexofenadine (Allegra)
- Levocetirizine (Xyzal)
- Loratadine (Claritin,Alavert)
It's a good idea to check with your doctor before taking these because all of them can have side effects that range from dizziness todry mouth.
Oral decongestants, such as pseudoephedrine (Sudafed), can shrink swollen blood vessels and tissues in your nasal and sinus passages. This can help unblock a stuffy nose and cause fewer postnasal drips.
OTC corticosteroid nasal sprays can also help. They include:
- Fluticasone (Flonase)
- Triamcinolone (Nasacort)
Nasal spray decongestants containingoxymetazoline (Afrin or Vicks Sinex) can often stop postnasal drip more quickly. But these should be taken for no more than a couple of days. Anything longer than that can create a rebound effect, making your congestion worse.
Prescription medication
If OTC medications don't help, you may need a prescription medication. If postnasal drip is caused by abacterial infection,antibiotics can help clear up the infection and stop the drip.
Antibiotics don't work on colds and otherviral infections.
Prescription medications for postnasal drip may include nasal sprays like beclomethasone andipratropium (Atrovent).
Deviated septum surgery
In cases where adeviated septum causes postnasal drip, surgery to straighten your septum, called aseptoplasty, leads to better airflow. It's a more permanent solution to postnasal drip.
Other methods
Postnasal drip can also cause mucus buildup. To thin out your mucus, you can use saline or medicated nasal sprays. You can also take a mucus-thinning medication such as guaifenesin (Mucinex).
Postnasal Drip Home Remedies
For centuries, people have treated postnasal drip with all kinds of home remedies. Probably the best known and most loved is hot chickensoup.
While it won't cure you, hot soup or any hot liquid might give you some temporary relief and comfort. It works because the steam from the hot liquid opens up your stuffy nose and throat. It also thins out mucus. And because it's a fluid, the hot soup will help preventdehydration, which will make you feel better, too.
Because postnasal drip can cause thick mucus, keeping it thin can help relieve symptoms. Thick mucus is stickier and more likely to bother you. Keeping mucus thin helps prevent blockages in the ears and sinuses. A simple way to thin it out is to drink more water.
Other home remedies
To manage postnasal drip and the thick mucus it causes:
- Take a hot, steamy shower.
- Prop up your pillows at night so that the mucus doesn't pool or collect in the back of your throat.
- Use a nasal irrigation, such as a neti pot, to flush mucus, bacteria, allergens, and other irritating things out of the sinuses.
- Use a vaporizer or humidifier to add moisture in the air.
Postnasal Drip Prevention
Postnasal drip is a common symptom of many respiratory and cold viruses. But with more than 200 cold viruses, it can prove difficult to prevent catching a cold. Viruses can spread through the air and can linger on surfaces that you touch every day. But there are some things you can do to lower your risk of getting sick, or developing postnasal drip.
Wash your hands
To prevent the spread of germs,wash your hands before and after:
- Preparing food
- Eating food
- Caring for someone who is sick, especially with vomiting or diarrhea
- Treating a cut or wound
Also wash your hands after:
- Blowing your nose, coughing, or sneezing. If possible, cough or sneeze into your elbow, to help prevent the spread of germs to others.
- Using the toilet
- Changing diapers or cleaning a child who has used the toilet
- Handling pet food/treats and pet waste
- Touching garbage
- Touching an animal, animal feed, or animal waste
Get vaccinated
Get recommended vaccines, such as theflu andCOVID-19 vaccines, to help prevent you from getting sick with a virus in the first place.
Prevent allergies
If you have allergies, you can take OTC allergy medication beforespring allergy season to help prevent postnasal drip.
Cromolyn(Nasalcrom) is an OTC nasal spray that helps prevent allergy symptoms in your nose. It reduces runny nose and postnasal drip. Cromolyn isn't an antihistamine, so it doesn't provide immediate relief of symptoms. It takes 1 to 2 weeks to work and for best results should be taken before allergy season starts.
Your doctor may also recommend immunotherapy, or allergy shots, to prevent allergy symptoms before they start.
You can also prevent seasonal and other allergies, includingindoor allergens, by reducing your triggers:
- Cover your mattresses and pillowcases withdust-mite-proof covers.
- Wash all sheets, pillowcases, and mattress covers often in hot water.
- Use special HEPA air filters in your home. These can remove very fine particles from the air.
- Dust and vacuum regularly.
Postnasal Drip Outlook
Most people experience postnasal drip at some point. It's a common symptom of colds, allergies, and infections. Most of the time, you can treat postnasal drip with OTC medications and at-home remedies. If you keep getting postnasal drip, or it doesn't go away and you have other symptoms, see your doctor to find out the cause and best way to treat it.
When to See the Doctor
Call your doctor if:
- Your postnasal drip smells bad.
- You have afever.
- You startwheezing.
- Your symptoms are severe or last for 10 days or more.
These may be signs that you have a bacterial infection. And let your doctor know right away if you noticeblood in your postnasal drip.
If medication doesn't relieve your symptoms, you might need to see an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist (also called an otolaryngologist) for evaluation. Your doctor might want you to get aCT scan, X-rays, or other tests.
Takeaways
Postnasal drip is a common symptom of allergies, nasal irritants, and bacterial and viral infections that causes your nose to increase mucus production. The excess mucus then drips down the back of your throat. Postnasal drip causes other symptoms, including a sore throat, hoarse voice, lingering cough, and bad breath. If your postnasal drip gets worse, doesn't get better after 10 days, or you have a fever with it, see your doctor. They can help figure out what's causing it and how best to treat it.
Postnasal Drip FAQs
What does postnasal drip feel like?
Your nose makes about a quart of mucus every day.Most of the time, you don't feel it because it mixes with saliva and you swallow it unnoticed. But when you have a nasal irritant or infection, your nose can produce more and thicker mucus. Postnasal dripfeels like liquid dripping in the back of your throat. As the mucus builds up, it can make you feel congested or stuffed up. It can also feel like a sore, scratchy, or tickly throat.
What is the best over-the-counter medicine for postnasal drip?
There are several types of OTC medicines that can treat postnasal drip. But what works best will depend on what's causing your postnasal drip. Your doctor or pharmacist can help you choose one that's right for you and your symptoms.
What allergies cause postnasal drip?
Any allergy or irritant to your nose can cause a runny nose and increase postnasal drip. Examples are dust allergies or seasonal pollen allergies.
Why won't the mucus in my throat go away?
Mucus buildup can become thick, so it may take time to clear up. To help thin out thickened mucus, try using medicated or saline nasal sprays. An irrigation device called a neti pot can also flush out thick mucus. A hot steam shower can also help moisten your nasal passages and relieve congestion. You can take medication called guaifenesin (Mucinex) to thin out mucus. Sometimes when mucus builds up it can cause a bacterial infection, and you'll need antibiotics to help clear it up.
Does Flonase help with postnasal drip?
Flonase is an OTC steroid nasal spray that treats sneezing, itchy, or runny nose caused by seasonal allergies. It can help stop a runny nose and postnasal drip.
