Ocean pollution: 11 facts you need to know (2024)

A big part of the problem: pollution. So how does trash get into the ocean? It’s dumped, pumped, spilled, leaked and even washed out with our laundry. Each year, we expose the world’s waterways to an increasing variety of pollutants — plastic debris, chemical runoff, crude oil and more.

Fortunately, it’s not too late to clean up our act. Share the dirty truth about ocean pollution and help make a difference.

Share these facts about ocean pollution:​

  1. Oil in the Sea III: Inputs, Fates, and Effects. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2003. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/10388.
  2. Jambeck, J. R., Geyer, R., Wilcox, C., Siegler, T. R., Perryman, M., Andrady, A., Narayan, R., & Law, K. L. (2015). Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean. In Science (Vol. 347, Issue 6223, pp. 768–771). American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1260352
  3. World Economic Forum. (2016). The New Plastics Economy: Rethinking the future of plastics. https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_The_New_Plastics_Economy.pdf
  4. Lebreton, L., Slat, B., Ferrari, F. et al. Evidence that the Great Pacific Garbage Patch is rapidly accumulating plastic. Sci Rep 8, 4666 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-22939-w
  5. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Marine debris is everyone's problem. https://www.whoi.edu/fileserver.do?id=107364&pt=2&p=88817
  6. Law, K. L., Starr, N., Siegler, T. R., Jambeck, J. R., Mallos, N. J., & Leonard, G. H. (2020). The United States’ contribution of plastic waste to land and ocean. In Science Advances (Vol. 6, Issue 44). American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abd0288
  7. Napper, I. E., & Thompson, R. C. (2016). Release of synthetic microplastic plastic fibres from domestic washing machines: Effects of fabric type and washing conditions. In Marine Pollution Bulletin (Vol. 112, Issues 1–2, pp. 39–45). Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.09.025
  8. Parker, L. (2022, June). Ocean Trash: 5.25 Trillion Pieces and Counting, but Big Questions Remain. National Geographic. https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/ocean-trash-525-trillion-pieces-and-counting-big-questions-remain

  1. Barrett, J., Chase, Z., Zhang, J., Holl, M. M. B., Willis, K., Williams, A., Hardesty, B. D., & Wilcox, C. (2020). Microplastic Pollution in Deep-Sea Sediments From the Great Australian Bight. In Frontiers in Marine Science (Vol. 7). Frontiers Media SA. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.576170
  2. National Ocean Service. Nutrients: Pollution Tutorial. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/tutorial_pollution//010nutrients.html
  3. DYBAS, C. L. (2005). Dead Zones Spreading in World Oceans. In BioScience (Vol. 55, Issue 7, p. 552). Oxford University Press (OUP). https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0552:dzsiwo]2.0.co;2
  4. Diaz, R. J., & Rosenberg, R. (2008). Spreading Dead Zones and Consequences for Marine Ecosystems. In Science (Vol. 321, Issue 5891, pp. 926–929). American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1156401
  5. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. (2017, August). Gulf of Mexico ‘dead zone’ is the largest ever measured. U.S. Department of Commerce. https://www.noaa.gov/media-release/gulf-of-mexico-dead-zone-is-largest-ever-measured
  6. Bullard, E. M., Torres, I., Ren, T., Graeve, O. A., & Roy, K. (2021). Shell mineralogy of a foundational marine species, Mytilus californianus , over half a century in a changing ocean. In Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (Vol. 118, Issue 3). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2004769118
  7. Weilgart, L. 2018. The impact of ocean noise pollution on fish and invertebrates. Report for OceanCare, Switzerland. 34 pp. https://www.oceancare.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/OceanNoise_FishInvertebrates_May2018.pdf

Ocean pollution: 11 facts you need to know (2024)
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