Beef Wellington | Meaning, Origin, Ingredients, & Pastry (2024)

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beef Wellington, beef fillet coated in chopped mushrooms and liver pâté and baked inside a puff pastry shell.

Considerable confusion surrounds the origin of beef Wellington. One version that seems more legend than fact attributes it to a cook for the famed duke of Wellington (Arthur Wellesley), the English general who defeated the armies of Napoleon Bonaparte at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815. Wellington, it is said, liked food that could be eaten on the march, and the dish, with its crusty shell, is certainly portable. Another origin story has the dish simply named in Wellington’s honour, while yet another posits that the beef roast wrapped in pastry resembled a Wellington boot—the original leather kind, not the rubber boot beloved of gardeners today.

Beef Wellington | Meaning, Origin, Ingredients, & Pastry (2)

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Ironically, considering the name, beef Wellington’s true origin would seem to lie in a French dish called filet de boeuf en croûte. To add to the mystery, the first known citation of beef “à la Wellington” dates only to 1903, and the first recipe, from a cookbook written by a chef for Chicago’s Palmer House hotel, appeared in 1940. Beef Wellington became a popular dish in the 1950s and ’60s, largely thanks to the American chef and cookbook author Julia Child’s having included a recipe for the French variation in her best-selling book Mastering the Art of French Cooking (1961) and then, on a 1965 episode of her television show The French Chef, calling it “filet of Wellington beef.” A favourite dish of U.S. Presidents John F. Kennedy and Richard M. Nixon—a recipe is included in the White House cookbook—beef Wellington became a hallmark of fine dining. Its popularity waned in subsequent decades, although in the early 21st century it enjoyed a modest revival, often cooked in single portions in the manner of the kindred Cornish pasty.

Ingredients vary, but a classic beef Wellington is a tenderloin fillet coated in goose or duck liver pâté and duxelles—which combines chopped mushrooms, shallots, and thyme—that is wrapped in puff pastry and washed in egg and milk to aid in a deep browning of the pastry in the oven. After the dish is cooked at high heat (about 400 °F [200 °C]) for about 25 minutes, the beef emerges rare to medium rare. Some recipes add ham, mustard, and spinach, although the water content of the last can compromise the shell by making it soggy.

Gregory Lewis McNamee

Beef Wellington | Meaning, Origin, Ingredients, & Pastry (2024)

FAQs

Beef Wellington | Meaning, Origin, Ingredients, & Pastry? ›

Beef Wellington is a steak dish of English origin, made out of fillet steak coated with pâté (often pâté de foie gras) and duxelles, wrapped in puff pastry, then baked. Some recipes include wrapping the coated meat in a crêpe or dry-cured ham to retain the moisture and prevent it from making the pastry soggy.

What pastry is Beef Wellington made from? ›

Remove tenderloin from plastic wrap and place on bottom of puff pastry. Brush the other three edges of the pastry with egg wash, then tightly roll beef into pastry. Step 8Once the log is fully covered in puff pastry, trim any extra pastry, then crimp edges with a fork to seal well.

What are the origins of Beef Wellington? ›

It is generally agreed that the dish was created in celebration of the first Duke of Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, and his victory at the Battle of Waterloo on June 18 1815. The Duke was given his title after defeating Napoleon Bonaparte the year before, and not long after he became Prime Minister.

Is Beef Wellington phyllo or puff pastry? ›

For best results, use a high-quality all-butter puff pastry, such as Dufour. Alternatively, make your own using this recipe. Foie gras pâté can be used in place of the fresh foie gras.

What is the difference between Beef Wellington and beef en croute? ›

Beef én Croute Recipe

The main difference between this Beef én Croute and a Beef Wellington is that this is a puff pastry parcel of fillet steak topped with pate and a Beef Wellington has no topping. In this recipe we are going to use pureed mushrooms and onions instead of pate.

What can I use instead of puff pastry for Beef Wellington? ›

Lower the fat content of your wellington by using filo pastry instead of puff, eliminating butter, a non-stick frying pan to reduce the amount of oil needed, replacing the pate and using herbs and garlic to boost flavour without needing salt.

What is the wrapper on Beef Wellington? ›

Wrap in puff pastry and bake: For the nicest-looking Wellington, use a puff pastry that comes in one sheet, so there aren't any visible seams. (I like Dufour, which is a very available all-butter puff pastry.) If you can only find a pastry that comes in two sheets, pinch them together before rolling out.

Why is there a crepe in Beef Wellington? ›

2) The crepes protect the pastry from excess moisture as the beef cooks, and also helps the beef stay joicy and tender once cooked. 3) Be very careful to tightly wrap your beef – the tighter the wrapping, the better the shape, which will result in more even cooking.

Why is Beef Wellington so hard to make? ›

Beef wellington is not an easy dish to prepare with perfection. For starters, getting the tenderloin steak right is a challenge in itself. It has to be tender on the inside but decently firm on the outside, so it doesn't get mushed inside. The pâté and the duxelles are like preparing two individual dishes themselves.

Why is Beef Wellington so expensive? ›

But on top of its tedious cooking process, beef Wellington is also expensive. The dish typically calls for beef tenderloin, the tender cut of beef that filet mignon comes from, in addition to pricey prosciutto. With these high-priced meats, beef Wellington isn't exactly budget-friendly.

Which is healthier phyllo or puff pastry? ›

Even better, switch your pastry from shortcrust or puff to filo. This is the lowest-fat pastry by far, with 2.9g fat per 100g. This compares with 26.2g for puff or 31.4g for shortcrust. Filo is the lowest-calorie option too, and it's easy to use.

Can I use phyllo dough instead of puff pastry? ›

In some cases, you could use them interchangeably – like for a pie crust or strudel. But for things that are very fluffy and flaky- like Baklava – you'd definitely want to use Phyllo dough.

What is the difference between puff pastry and phyllo pastry? ›

The main differences between puff pastry and phyllo dough are their fat content and preparation. Puff pastry is a laminated dough that gets its signature airy puff from layers of butter, while phyllo dough is comparatively low-fat. Phyllo dough is mostly flour and water and can dry out easily.

What is Gordon Ramsay's signature dish? ›

The Beef Wellington is Gordon Ramsay's signature dish – and once you taste it, you'll see why!

What is Gordon Ramsay's favorite food? ›

In most of Ramsay's restaurants, you can find it on the menu. However, Ramsay has revealed his favorite American food is grits topped with shrimp and Parmesan cheese.

What's the difference between Chateaubriand and Beef Wellington? ›

If you want to dress up your chateaubriand just a bit, one show-stopper of a traditional recipe is Beef Wellington. Essentially, it's chateaubriand coated in mushroom duxelles and liver pâté and rolled in puff pastry. There are many fabulous recipes for this classic if you want to spend the time.

What is suet crust pastry made of? ›

Suet crust pastry is made from suet, flour, salt and water and always contains baking powder as a raising agent. Self-raising flour also works well when making this pastry, or you can add 4 tsp of baking powder to any 450g / 1lb of plain flour.

Can I use crescent rolls instead of puff pastry for Beef Wellington? ›

We used crescent rolls to make this recipe but you can also use puff pastry if you like. Wrap the beef patty in the dough, brush with egg wash and season with salt and pepper. Place on a baking sheet seam side down and bake for 30 minutes at 350 degrees.

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